CALSβ

Conlang Atlas of Language Structures

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  • All features

  • Phonology
  • Morphology
  • Nominal Categories
  • Nominal Syntax
  • Verbal Categories
  • Word Order
  • Simple Clauses
  • Complex Sentences
  • Lexicon
  • Sign Languages
  • Other
  • Conlang-specific
  • Phonology
    • Consonant Inventories (1233 languages)
    • Vowel Quality Inventories (1246 languages)
    • Consonant-Vowel Ratio (1159 languages)
    • Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives (1217 languages)
    • Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems (1177 languages)
    • Uvular Consonants (1205 languages)
    • Glottalized Consonants (1180 languages)
    • Lateral Consonants (1194 languages)
    • The Velar Nasal (1201 languages)
    • Vowel Nasalization (1189 languages)
    • Front Rounded Vowels (1176 languages)
    • Syllable Structure (1207 languages)
    • Tone (1228 languages)
    • Fixed Stress Locations (1026 languages)
    • Weight-Sensitive Stress (884 languages)
    • Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems (847 languages)
    • Rhythm Types (747 languages)
    • Absence of Common Consonants (1166 languages)
    • Presence of Uncommon Consonants (1166 languages)
  • Morphology
    • Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives (888 languages)
    • Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives (835 languages)
    • Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb (807 languages)
    • Locus of Marking in the Clause (825 languages)
    • Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases (810 languages)
    • Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology (759 languages)
    • Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology (882 languages)
    • Reduplication (867 languages)
    • Case Syncretism (842 languages)
    • Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking (839 languages)
  • Nominal Categories
    • Number of Genders (1116 languages)
    • Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems (1073 languages)
    • Systems of Gender Assignment (1027 languages)
    • Coding of Nominal Plurality (1042 languages)
    • Occurrence of Nominal Plurality (948 languages)
    • Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns (878 languages)
    • The Associative Plural (659 languages)
    • Definite Articles (1017 languages)
    • Indefinite Articles (995 languages)
    • Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns (918 languages)
    • Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection (903 languages)
    • Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives (822 languages)
    • Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives (668 languages)
    • Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives (740 languages)
    • Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns (870 languages)
    • Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns (846 languages)
    • Indefinite Pronouns (599 languages)
    • Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns (580 languages)
    • Person Marking on Adpositions (747 languages)
    • Number of Cases (937 languages)
    • Asymmetrical Case-Marking (750 languages)
    • Position of Case Affixes (868 languages)
    • Comitatives and Instrumentals (698 languages)
    • Ordinal Numerals (735 languages)
    • Distributive Numerals (519 languages)
    • Numeral Classifiers (717 languages)
    • Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers (465 languages)
    • Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes (765 languages)
  • Nominal Syntax
    • Obligatory Possessive Inflection (786 languages)
    • Possessive Classification (739 languages)
    • Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses (652 languages)
    • Adjectives without Nouns (648 languages)
    • Action Nominal Constructions (463 languages)
    • Noun Phrase Conjunction (658 languages)
    • Nominal and Verbal Conjunction (644 languages)
  • Verbal Categories
    • Perfective/Imperfective Aspect (844 languages)
    • The Past Tense (902 languages)
    • The Future Tense (898 languages)
    • The Perfect (796 languages)
    • Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes (835 languages)
    • The Morphological Imperative (721 languages)
    • The Prohibitive (671 languages)
    • Imperative-Hortative Systems (490 languages)
    • The Optative (679 languages)
    • Situational Possibility (541 languages)
    • Epistemic Possibility (525 languages)
    • Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking (453 languages)
    • Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality (619 languages)
    • Coding of Evidentiality (657 languages)
    • Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect (612 languages)
    • Verbal Number and Suppletion (613 languages)
  • Word Order
    • Order of Subject, Object and Verb (1006 languages)
    • Order of Subject and Verb (966 languages)
    • Order of Object and Verb (959 languages)
    • Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb (757 languages)
    • Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase (840 languages)
    • Order of Genitive and Noun (896 languages)
    • Order of Adjective and Noun (930 languages)
    • Order of Demonstrative and Noun (825 languages)
    • Order of Numeral and Noun (848 languages)
    • Order of Relative Clause and Noun (753 languages)
    • Order of Degree Word and Adjective (596 languages)
    • Position of Polar Question Particles (723 languages)
    • Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions (670 languages)
    • Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause (570 languages)
    • Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase (678 languages)
    • Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun (657 languages)
    • Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun (697 languages)
    • Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb (628 languages)
    • Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb (580 languages)
  • Simple Clauses
    • Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases (748 languages)
    • Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns (708 languages)
    • Alignment of Verbal Person Marking (683 languages)
    • Expression of Pronominal Subjects (684 languages)
    • Verbal Person Marking (758 languages)
    • Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking (680 languages)
    • Order of Person Markers on the Verb (670 languages)
    • Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' (607 languages)
    • Reciprocal Constructions (515 languages)
    • Passive Constructions (694 languages)
    • Antipassive Constructions (599 languages)
    • Applicative Constructions (506 languages)
    • Periphrastic Causative Constructions (304 languages)
    • Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions (444 languages)
    • Negative Morphemes (708 languages)
    • Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation (523 languages)
    • Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation (411 languages)
    • Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation (369 languages)
    • Polar Questions (677 languages)
    • Predicative Possession (497 languages)
    • Predicative Adjectives (558 languages)
    • Nominal and Locational Predication (520 languages)
    • Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals (600 languages)
    • Comparative Constructions (441 languages)
  • Complex Sentences
    • Relativization on Subjects (536 languages)
    • Relativization on Obliques (492 languages)
    • 'Want' Complement Subjects (455 languages)
    • Purpose Clauses (401 languages)
    • 'When' Clauses (413 languages)
    • Reason Clauses (404 languages)
    • Utterance Complement Clauses (373 languages)
  • Lexicon
    • Hand and Arm (745 languages)
    • Finger and Hand (725 languages)
    • Numeral Bases (817 languages)
    • Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories (384 languages)
    • Number of Basic Colour Categories (366 languages)
    • Green and Blue (585 languages)
    • Red and Yellow (585 languages)
    • M-T Pronouns (629 languages)
    • N-M Pronouns (623 languages)
    • Tea (543 languages)
  • Sign Languages
    • Irregular Negatives in Sign Languages (79 languages)
    • Question Particles in Sign Languages (83 languages)
  • Other
    • Writing Systems (716 languages)
    • Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks (419 languages)
  • Conlang-specific
    • Conlang type (898 languages)
 
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