CALS
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Conlang Atlas of Language Structures
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Consonant Inventories
Vowel Quality Inventories
Consonant-Vowel Ratio
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems
Uvular Consonants
Glottalized Consonants
Lateral Consonants
The Velar Nasal
Vowel Nasalization
Front Rounded Vowels
Syllable Structure
Tone
Fixed Stress Locations
Weight-Sensitive Stress
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems
Rhythm Types
Absence of Common Consonants
Presence of Uncommon Consonants
Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb
Locus of Marking in the Clause
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology
Reduplication
Case Syncretism
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking
Number of Genders
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems
Systems of Gender Assignment
Coding of Nominal Plurality
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns
The Associative Plural
Definite Articles
Indefinite Articles
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns
Person Marking on Adpositions
Number of Cases
Asymmetrical Case-Marking
Position of Case Affixes
Comitatives and Instrumentals
Ordinal Numerals
Distributive Numerals
Numeral Classifiers
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes
Obligatory Possessive Inflection
Possessive Classification
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses
Adjectives without Nouns
Action Nominal Constructions
Noun Phrase Conjunction
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction
Perfective/Imperfective Aspect
The Past Tense
The Future Tense
The Perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes
The Morphological Imperative
The Prohibitive
Imperative-Hortative Systems
The Optative
Situational Possibility
Epistemic Possibility
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality
Coding of Evidentiality
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect
Verbal Number and Suppletion
Order of Subject, Object and Verb
Order of Subject and Verb
Order of Object and Verb
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
Order of Genitive and Noun
Order of Adjective and Noun
Order of Demonstrative and Noun
Order of Numeral and Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun
Order of Degree Word and Adjective
Position of Polar Question Particles
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun
Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
Expression of Pronominal Subjects
Verbal Person Marking
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking
Order of Person Markers on the Verb
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'
Reciprocal Constructions
Passive Constructions
Antipassive Constructions
Applicative Constructions
Periphrastic Causative Constructions
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions
Negative Morphemes
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation
Polar Questions
Predicative Possession
Predicative Adjectives
Nominal and Locational Predication
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals
Comparative Constructions
Relativization on Subjects
Relativization on Obliques
'Want' Complement Subjects
Purpose Clauses
'When' Clauses
Reason Clauses
Utterance Complement Clauses
Hand and Arm
Finger and Hand
Numeral Bases
Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories
Number of Basic Colour Categories
Green and Blue
Red and Yellow
M-T Pronouns
N-M Pronouns
Tea
Irregular Negatives in Sign Languages
Question Particles in Sign Languages
Writing Systems
Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb
Conlang type
Compare
Position of Case Affixes
WALS
In-depth description:
Only at
WALS
Values:
Conlangs:
Case suffixes
(344 languages)
Case prefixes
(30 languages)
Case tone
(3 languages)
Case stem change
(15 languages)
Mixed morphological case
(61 languages)
Postpositional clitics
(46 languages)
Prepositional clitics
(42 languages)
Inpositional clitics
(2 languages)
No case affixes or adpositional clitics
(203 languages)
Natlangs:
Case suffixes
(41 languages)
Case prefixes
(4 languages)
Case tone
(0 languages)
Case stem change
(0 languages)
Mixed morphological case
(3 languages)
Postpositional clitics
(16 languages)
Prepositional clitics
(2 languages)
Inpositional clitics
(1 language)
No case affixes or adpositional clitics
(52 languages)
Pygal
0
0
40
40
80
80
120
120
160
160
200
200
240
240
280
280
320
320
Case suffixes
Case prefixes
Case tone
Case stem ch…
Case stem change
Mixed morpho…
Mixed morphological case
Postposition…
Postpositional clitics
Prepositiona…
Prepositional clitics
Inpositional…
Inpositional clitics
No case affi…
No case affixes or adpositional clitics
344
35.97435897435897
247.49999999999997
Case suffixes
30
114.17948717948715
464.72663237924866
Case prefixes
3
192.38461538461533
483.40535554561717
Case tone
15
270.5897435897436
475.10370080500894
Case stem change
61
348.7948717948717
443.28069096601075
Mixed morphological case
46
426.99999999999994
453.65775939177104
Postpositional clitics
42
505.2051282051281
456.4249776386404
Prepositional clitics
2
583.4102564102566
484.0971601073345
Inpositional clitics
203
661.6153846153846
345.0444432021467
No case affixes or adpositional clitics
41
70.38461538461539
457.11678220035776
Case suffixes
4
148.58974358974356
482.71355098389984
Case prefixes
0
226.79487179487174
485.4807692307692
Case tone
0
304.99999999999994
485.4807692307692
Case stem change
3
383.2051282051281
483.40535554561717
Mixed morphological case
16
461.41025641025635
474.4118962432916
Postpositional clitics
2
539.6153846153846
484.0971601073345
Prepositional clitics
1
617.820512820513
484.7889646690519
Inpositional clitics
52
696.025641025641
449.5069320214669
No case affixes or adpositional clitics
Conlang
Natlang
