Features for Burushaski

This language is cloned from WALS. If you need to cite or disagree with any data on this language, you will have to do so at WALS, not here.

Consonant Inventories ^WALS	Large
Vowel Quality Inventories ^WALS	Average (5-6)
Consonant-Vowel Ratio ^WALS	High
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives ^WALS	In both plosives and fricatives
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems ^WALS	None missing in /p t k b d g/
Uvular Consonants ^WALS	Uvular stops and continuants
Glottalized Consonants ^WALS	No glottalized consonants
Lateral Consonants ^WALS	/l/, no obstruent laterals
The Velar Nasal ^WALS	No initial velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization ^WALS	Contrast present
Front Rounded Vowels ^WALS	None
Syllable Structure ^WALS	Complex
Tone ^WALS	No tones
Fixed Stress Locations ^WALS	No fixed stress
Weight-Sensitive Stress ^WALS	Not predictable
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems ^WALS	Lexical stress
Rhythm Types ^WALS	Trochaic
Absence of Common Consonants ^WALS	All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants ^WALS	None

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	Exclusively concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	Monoexponential case
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb ^WALS	8-9 categories per word
Locus of Marking in the Clause ^WALS	Double marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases ^WALS	Double marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology ^WALS	Double-marking
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology ^WALS	Weakly suffixing
Case Syncretism ^WALS	Core and non-core
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking ^WALS	Syncretic

Number of Genders ^WALS	Four
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems ^WALS	Sex-based
Systems of Gender Assignment ^WALS	Semantic
Coding of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	Plural suffix
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	All nouns, always obligatory
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	Person-number stem
Definite Articles ^WALS	Demonstrative word used as definite article
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns ^WALS	No inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection ^WALS	No inclusive/exclusive
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives ^WALS	Two-way contrast
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives ^WALS	Different inflection
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives ^WALS	Related to remote demonstratives
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	3rd person singular only
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns ^WALS	No politeness distinction
Indefinite Pronouns ^WALS	Interrogative-based
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns ^WALS	Identical
Person Marking on Adpositions ^WALS	Pronouns only
Number of Cases ^WALS	8-9 cases
Asymmetrical Case-Marking ^WALS	Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical
Position of Case Affixes ^WALS	Case suffixes
Comitatives and Instrumentals ^WALS	Differentiation
Ordinal Numerals ^WALS	First, two-th, three-th
Distributive Numerals ^WALS	Marked by reduplication
Numeral Classifiers ^WALS	Absent
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes ^WALS	Possessive prefixes

Obligatory Possessive Inflection ^WALS	Exists
Possessive Classification ^WALS	Three to five classes
Action Nominal Constructions ^WALS	Sentential
Noun Phrase Conjunction ^WALS	'And' different from 'with'
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction ^WALS	Identity

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect ^WALS	Grammatical marking
The Past Tense ^WALS	Present, no remoteness distinctions
The Future Tense ^WALS	Inflectional future exists
The Perfect ^WALS	Other perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes ^WALS	Tense-aspect suffixes
The Morphological Imperative ^WALS	Second singular and second plural
The Prohibitive ^WALS	Normal imperative + normal negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems ^WALS	Neither type of system
The Optative ^WALS	Inflectional optative absent
Epistemic Possibility ^WALS	Affixes on verbs
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality ^WALS	No grammatical evidentials
Coding of Evidentiality ^WALS	No grammatical evidentials
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect ^WALS	Tense and aspect
Verbal Number and Suppletion ^WALS	Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion

Order of Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	SOV
Order of Subject and Verb ^WALS	SV
Order of Object and Verb ^WALS	OV
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	Postpositions
Order of Genitive and Noun ^WALS	Genitive-Noun
Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	Adjective-Noun
Order of Demonstrative and Noun ^WALS	Demonstrative-Noun
Order of Numeral and Noun ^WALS	Numeral-Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	Relative clause-Noun
Order of Degree Word and Adjective ^WALS	Degree word-Adjective
Position of Polar Question Particles ^WALS	No question particle
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions ^WALS	Not initial interrogative phrase
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause ^WALS	Mixed
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	OV and Postpositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	OV and RelN
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	OV and AdjN
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb ^WALS	[Neg-V]
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	MorphNeg

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases ^WALS	Ergative - absolutive
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns ^WALS	Ergative - absolutive
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Split
Expression of Pronominal Subjects ^WALS	Subject affixes on verb
Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Both the A and P arguments
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	No zero realization
Order of Person Markers on the Verb ^WALS	P precedes A
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' ^WALS	Indirect-object construction
Reciprocal Constructions ^WALS	Distinct from reflexive
Passive Constructions ^WALS	Present
Antipassive Constructions ^WALS	No antipassive
Applicative Constructions ^WALS	Benefactive and other; both bases
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions ^WALS	Morphological but no compound
Negative Morphemes ^WALS	Negative particle
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	Symmetric
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	Non-assignable
Polar Questions ^WALS	Interrogative verb morphology
Predicative Possession ^WALS	Genitive
Predicative Adjectives ^WALS	Nonverbal encoding
Nominal and Locational Predication ^WALS	Identical
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals ^WALS	Impossible
Comparative Constructions ^WALS	Locational

Relativization on Subjects ^WALS	Gap
Purpose Clauses ^WALS	Deranked
'When' Clauses ^WALS	Deranked
Reason Clauses ^WALS	Balanced
Utterance Complement Clauses ^WALS	Balanced

Hand and Arm ^WALS	Different
Finger and Hand ^WALS	Different
Numeral Bases ^WALS	Hybrid vigesimal-decimal
M-T Pronouns ^WALS	No M-T pronouns
N-M Pronouns ^WALS	No N-M pronouns
Tea ^WALS	Words derived from Sinitic cha

Comments:

No comments yet

	Badges \| Thanks	Devel-clock: 12:56 +0000
	About \| Copyright \| FAQ \| Help \| Privacy \| News \| Terms of service