Features for Eremoran

Share & Bookmark

Phonology

Consonant Inventories WALS Small 
Usually 11, but varies between 9-13 depending on register.
Vowel Quality Inventories WALS Large (7-14) 
Usually 7, some dialects marge /e/ or /o/ with various vowels to have 6 or both to have 5.
Consonant-Vowel Ratio WALS Low 
Standard: 1.57

In various dialects, can be as low as 1.29 and as high as 2.4
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives WALS In both plosives and fricatives 
t-d and s-z are the only phonemes with voicing distinction.
Learned scholars also distinguish p-b in Pre-Eremoran loans.
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems WALS Both missing 
the /p/ in loanswords is commonly pronounced /f/, although higher registers tend to preserve the p-f distinction
Uvular Consonants WALS Uvular continuants only 
Standard Eremoran: /ʀ/
Central Eremoran sometimes instead uses [ʁ]
Coastal Eremoran sometimes instead uses [χ]
Glottalized Consonants WALS No glottalized consonants
Lateral Consonants WALS /l/, no obstruent laterals
The Velar Nasal WALS No velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization WALS Contrast absent
Front Rounded Vowels WALS None
Syllable Structure WALS Complex 
Maximally (C)(C)V(C)(C)
Tone WALS No tones
Fixed Stress Locations WALS Penultimate 
In exceedingly rare cases, northern loans preserve final stress.

In exceedingly rare cases, native words preserve the original antepenultimate stress due to phonotactic constraints.

In the former case, the final stress is in free variation with penultimate stress.
Weight-Sensitive Stress WALS Fixed stress
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems WALS No weight
Rhythm Types WALS No rhythmic stress
Absence of Common Consonants WALS All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants WALS None

Morphology

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS Isolating/concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS Monoexponential case
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb WALS 2-3 categories per word
Locus of Marking in the Clause WALS Dependent marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases WALS Dependent marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology WALS Dependent-marking
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology WALS Strongly suffixing
Reduplication WALS Productive full and partial reduplication
Case Syncretism WALS No case marking
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking WALS No subject person/number marking

Nominal Categories

Number of Genders WALS Five or more 
Five: Human, Animate, Tangible 1, Tangible 2, Abstract
Old Eremoran had a feminine human gender which later merged with the masculine.
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems WALS Non-sex-based
Systems of Gender Assignment WALS Semantic
Coding of Nominal Plurality WALS Plural word 
udou
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality WALS All nouns, always optional
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS Number-indifferent pronouns
The Associative Plural WALS Unique affixal associative plural 
-(i)sur
Definite Articles WALS No definite or indefinite article
Indefinite Articles WALS No definite or indefinite article
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns WALS 'We' the same as 'I'
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection WALS No person marking
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives WALS Three-way contrast 
Proximal: ko
Medial: hókio
Distal: ho
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives WALS Identical
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives WALS Related for non-human reference
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS In 3rd person + 1st and/or 2nd person 
Most notably, ôkar (feminine first and second person pronoun)
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns WALS Pronouns avoided for politeness
Indefinite Pronouns WALS Generic-noun-based
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns WALS Identical 
Particle mi
Person Marking on Adpositions WALS No person marking
Number of Cases WALS No morphological case-marking
Asymmetrical Case-Marking WALS No case-marking
Position of Case Affixes WALS Postpositional clitics 
Almost every case is postpositional.
One, "ad", may be used prepositionally, but with a different meaning.
Another, "dir", must be used prepositionally.
Comitatives and Instrumentals WALS Differentiation 
Comitative: ku
Instrumental: bo
Ordinal Numerals WALS One-th, two-th, three-th 
-(i)su:

idisu, nasusu, kumkusu, ...
(first, second, third, ...)
Distributive Numerals WALS No distributive numerals
Numeral Classifiers WALS Absent
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers WALS Formally similar, without interrogative 
hans
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes WALS No possessive affixes

Nominal Syntax

Obligatory Possessive Inflection WALS Absent
Possessive Classification WALS No possessive classification
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses WALS Genitives and adjectives collapsed 
Genitives are merely nouns with the -(i)su adjectival suffix, and decline identically
Adjectives without Nouns WALS Without marking
Action Nominal Constructions WALS Sentential
Noun Phrase Conjunction WALS 'And' different from 'with' 
Nominal conjunction: hans
"with": ku
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction WALS Differentiation 
nom: "hans"
verb: "ku"

Verbal Categories

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect WALS Grammatical marking 
adverb "mok"
The Past Tense WALS No past tense
The Future Tense WALS No inflectional future
The Perfect WALS From 'finish', 'already'
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes WALS Tense-aspect suffixes
The Morphological Imperative WALS No second-person imperatives
The Prohibitive WALS Normal imperative + normal negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems WALS Maximal system
The Optative WALS Inflectional optative present 
-kaldz
Situational Possibility WALS Verbal constructions
Epistemic Possibility WALS Verbal constructions
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking WALS No overlap
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality WALS Direct and indirect
Coding of Evidentiality WALS Separate particle
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect WALS None
Verbal Number and Suppletion WALS None

Word Order

Order of Subject, Object and Verb WALS SOV
Order of Subject and Verb WALS SV
Order of Object and Verb WALS OV
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb WALS XOV
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS Postpositions 
Exceptions:
 - dir (always)
 - ad (sometimes)
Order of Genitive and Noun WALS Genitive-Noun
Order of Adjective and Noun WALS Adjective-Noun
Order of Demonstrative and Noun WALS Demonstrative-Noun
Order of Numeral and Noun WALS Numeral-Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS Relative clause-Noun
Order of Degree Word and Adjective WALS Degree word-Adjective
Position of Polar Question Particles WALS Final
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions WALS Not initial interrogative phrase
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause WALS Final subordinator word
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS OV and Postpositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS OV and RelN
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun WALS OV and AdjN
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb WALS VNeg
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb WALS SOVNeg

Simple Clauses

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases WALS Ergative - absolutive
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns WALS Ergative - absolutive
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking WALS Neutral
Expression of Pronominal Subjects WALS Obligatory pronouns in subject position
Verbal Person Marking WALS No person marking
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking WALS No person marking
Order of Person Markers on the Verb WALS A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' WALS Indirect-object construction
Reciprocal Constructions WALS Distinct from reflexive
Passive Constructions WALS Absent
Antipassive Constructions WALS No antipassive
Applicative Constructions WALS No applicative construction
Periphrastic Causative Constructions WALS Sequential but no purposive
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions WALS Morphological but no compound
Negative Morphemes WALS Negative particle
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation WALS Symmetric
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation WALS Non-assignable
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation WALS No predicate negation
Polar Questions WALS Question particle
Predicative Possession WALS Locational
Predicative Adjectives WALS Nonverbal encoding
Nominal and Locational Predication WALS Identical
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals WALS Possible
Comparative Constructions WALS Locational

Complex Sentences

Relativization on Subjects WALS Non-reduction
Relativization on Obliques WALS Non-reduction
'Want' Complement Subjects WALS Subject is left implicit
Purpose Clauses WALS Balanced/deranked
'When' Clauses WALS Balanced/deranked
Reason Clauses WALS Balanced/deranked
Utterance Complement Clauses WALS Balanced/deranked

Lexicon

Hand and Arm WALS Different
Finger and Hand WALS Different
Numeral Bases WALS Other base
Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories WALS 5
Number of Basic Colour Categories WALS 9-10
Green and Blue WALS Black/blue vs. green 
blue/black - ulu
green - tasu

but cf. usiu "black", linku "cyan"
Red and Yellow WALS Red vs. yellow
M-T Pronouns WALS No M-T pronouns
N-M Pronouns WALS No N-M pronouns
Tea WALS Others

Other

Writing Systems WALS Alphabetic
Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks WALS Logical meanings

Conlang-specific

Conlang type Artlang

Comments:

No comments yet