Features for Yukaghir (Kolyma)

This language is cloned from WALS. If you need to cite or disagree with any data on this language, you will have to do so at WALS, not here.

Consonant Inventories ^WALS	Average
Vowel Quality Inventories ^WALS	Average (5-6)
Consonant-Vowel Ratio ^WALS	Average
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives ^WALS	In plosives alone
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems ^WALS	None missing in /p t k b d g/
Uvular Consonants ^WALS	Uvular stops and continuants
Glottalized Consonants ^WALS	No glottalized consonants
Lateral Consonants ^WALS	/l/, no obstruent laterals
The Velar Nasal ^WALS	Initial velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization ^WALS	Contrast absent
Front Rounded Vowels ^WALS	Mid only
Syllable Structure ^WALS	Moderately complex
Tone ^WALS	No tones
Fixed Stress Locations ^WALS	No fixed stress
Weight-Sensitive Stress ^WALS	Unbounded: Stress can be anywhere
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems ^WALS	Long vowel or coda consonant
Absence of Common Consonants ^WALS	All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants ^WALS	None

Locus of Marking in the Clause ^WALS	Dependent marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases ^WALS	No marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology ^WALS	Inconsistent or other
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology ^WALS	Strongly suffixing
Reduplication ^WALS	No productive reduplication
Case Syncretism ^WALS	Core cases only
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking ^WALS	Syncretic

Number of Genders ^WALS	None
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems ^WALS	No gender
Systems of Gender Assignment ^WALS	No gender
Coding of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	Plural suffix
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	Person stem + pronominal plural affix
The Associative Plural ^WALS	Unique affixal associative plural
Definite Articles ^WALS	No definite or indefinite article
Indefinite Articles ^WALS	No definite or indefinite article
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns ^WALS	No inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection ^WALS	No inclusive/exclusive
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives ^WALS	Two-way contrast
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives ^WALS	Different stem
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives ^WALS	Unrelated
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	No gender distinctions
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns ^WALS	No politeness distinction
Indefinite Pronouns ^WALS	Interrogative-based
Person Marking on Adpositions ^WALS	No person marking
Number of Cases ^WALS	8-9 cases
Asymmetrical Case-Marking ^WALS	Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical
Position of Case Affixes ^WALS	Case suffixes
Comitatives and Instrumentals ^WALS	Differentiation
Ordinal Numerals ^WALS	First, two-th, three-th
Distributive Numerals ^WALS	No distributive numerals
Numeral Classifiers ^WALS	Absent
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes ^WALS	Possessive suffixes

Obligatory Possessive Inflection ^WALS	Absent
Possessive Classification ^WALS	Two classes
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses ^WALS	Highly differentiated
Adjectives without Nouns ^WALS	Marked by suffix
Action Nominal Constructions ^WALS	Possessive-Accusative
Noun Phrase Conjunction ^WALS	'And' different from 'with'
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction ^WALS	Differentiation

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect ^WALS	No grammatical marking
The Past Tense ^WALS	No past tense
The Future Tense ^WALS	Inflectional future exists
The Perfect ^WALS	No perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes ^WALS	Tense-aspect suffixes
The Morphological Imperative ^WALS	Second singular and second plural
The Prohibitive ^WALS	Normal imperative + special negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems ^WALS	Maximal system
The Optative ^WALS	Inflectional optative absent
Situational Possibility ^WALS	Verbal constructions
Epistemic Possibility ^WALS	Affixes on verbs
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking ^WALS	No overlap
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality ^WALS	Indirect only
Coding of Evidentiality ^WALS	Verbal affix or clitic
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect ^WALS	None
Verbal Number and Suppletion ^WALS	None

Order of Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	SOV
Order of Subject and Verb ^WALS	SV
Order of Object and Verb ^WALS	OV
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	Postpositions
Order of Genitive and Noun ^WALS	Genitive-Noun
Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	Adjective-Noun
Order of Demonstrative and Noun ^WALS	Demonstrative-Noun
Order of Numeral and Noun ^WALS	Numeral-Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	Relative clause-Noun
Position of Polar Question Particles ^WALS	No question particle
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions ^WALS	Not initial interrogative phrase
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause ^WALS	Final subordinator word
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	OV and Postpositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	OV and RelN
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	OV and AdjN
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb ^WALS	[Neg-V]
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	MorphNeg

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases ^WALS	Nominative - accusative (standard)
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns ^WALS	Nominative - accusative (standard)
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Accusative
Expression of Pronominal Subjects ^WALS	Subject affixes on verb
Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Only the A argument
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	No zero realization
Order of Person Markers on the Verb ^WALS	A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' ^WALS	Indirect-object construction
Reciprocal Constructions ^WALS	Distinct from reflexive
Passive Constructions ^WALS	Absent
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions ^WALS	Morphological but no compound
Negative Morphemes ^WALS	Negative affix
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	Both
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	A/Cat
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation ^WALS	Predicate negation also present
Polar Questions ^WALS	Interrogative intonation only
Predicative Possession ^WALS	Conjunctional
Predicative Adjectives ^WALS	Verbal encoding
Nominal and Locational Predication ^WALS	Different
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals ^WALS	Impossible

Relativization on Subjects ^WALS	Gap
Relativization on Obliques ^WALS	Not possible
'Want' Complement Subjects ^WALS	Subject is left implicit
Purpose Clauses ^WALS	Deranked
'When' Clauses ^WALS	Deranked
Reason Clauses ^WALS	Deranked
Utterance Complement Clauses ^WALS	Balanced/deranked

Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks ^WALS	Other or none

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